Understanding the AR-15 Platform: The Foundation of Reliability
The Bolt Carrier Group (BCG)
The Bolt Carrier Group (BCG) is the heart of the AR-15’s operating system. This assembly houses the bolt, which extracts spent casings, chambers new rounds, and locks the breech. The BCG’s smooth operation is paramount for reliable feeding and extraction. Within the BCG, components like the firing pin and gas rings are also crucial.
The Barrel
The Barrel is where the projectile receives its initial momentum. It’s crucial to ensure the barrel is properly installed and that the rifling is in good condition. The barrel’s dimensions and construction also impact accuracy and reliability.
The Lower Receiver
The Lower Receiver houses the trigger, hammer, safety, and magazine well. Issues here can lead to failures to fire, failures to reset the trigger, or feeding problems. The lower receiver’s controls must function flawlessly for the rifle to operate as intended.
The Upper Receiver
The Upper Receiver holds the barrel, the handguard, and the BCG. The upper receiver’s integrity is essential for a solid mounting of components.
The Magazine
The Magazine is often an overlooked but crucial component. A malfunctioning or poorly designed magazine can lead to feeding problems, causing the AR-15 to jam. Choosing high-quality magazines and maintaining them correctly is critical for reliability.
Several common issues can plague the AR-15. Gas system problems, where the gas isn’t adequately diverted to cycle the action, often result in short strokes, failures to extract, or failures to feed. BCG problems, such as broken gas rings or a damaged bolt, can also shut down the operation. Finally, magazine problems, from damaged feed lips to weak springs, are a frequent source of malfunctions. A deep understanding of these potential weak points will lead you to understanding the importance of regular checks.
The ammunition you use also has a significant impact on reliability. Using ammunition of the correct specification, of good quality, and stored properly is vital. Inferior ammunition can introduce inconsistencies that lead to malfunctions.
The Philosophy of Go/No-Go: Quick Assessment, Peace of Mind
What exactly is a Go/No-Go test? It’s a series of simple, quick assessments designed to evaluate the core functionality of an AR-15. The goal isn’t to perform a complete tear-down inspection but to determine if the rifle is fundamentally ready to function safely and reliably.
The purpose of Go/No-Go is to quickly assess if the rifle is safe to handle and ready for use. Think of it as a pre-flight checklist for your firearm. It’s about identifying *obvious* malfunctions before they cause problems, whether during range practice or a critical self-defense situation.
The benefits of performing Go/No-Go tests are numerous. First and foremost, they promote safe gun handling. Second, they can help you identify potential problems before they escalate, preventing malfunctions on the range or in a real-world scenario. Lastly, they can give you peace of mind, knowing that your rifle is functioning properly, and that you’re ready.
It’s critical to understand that Go/No-Go is not a substitute for comprehensive maintenance or a gunsmith inspection. It’s a rapid assessment that should be part of your routine before each shooting session or regular inspection.
Key Functionality Checks: Your AR-15’s Performance
These are the critical checks that should form the foundation of your Go/No-Go assessment.
Function Check: Core Operation Examination
This test assesses the basic operational functionality of the AR-15’s primary controls.
Instructions: Begin by ensuring the firearm is completely unloaded and the chamber is clear. Visually and physically check the chamber to verify this. With the safety on, operate the charging handle to the rear. Release it. The bolt should move forward under spring pressure, and then manually lock the bolt to the rear. Visually inspect the chamber to confirm it’s clear. Then, with the magazine removed, cycle the action by pulling the charging handle to the rear.
Check the bolt lock and release by pressing the bolt catch (or using the charging handle) to release the bolt and send it forward.
With the safety on, pull the trigger. The trigger should not activate the firing mechanism. Then, with the safety off, pull the trigger and then perform a trigger reset. The hammer should fall.
Check the safety selector. The safety lever should move smoothly between the safe and fire positions, and the detent should hold it firmly in place.
Go/No-Go Criteria:
Go: The charging handle operates smoothly, the bolt locks back, the trigger pulls and resets, and the safety selector functions correctly.
No-Go: Any failure in the above steps. The bolt doesn’t lock back, the trigger feels gritty or doesn’t reset, or the safety doesn’t engage or disengage properly.
Bolt Carrier Group Check: The Heartbeat of Reliability
This assessment focuses on the BCG, the central moving part.
Instructions: Remove the BCG from the upper receiver. Inspect the bolt face for any signs of damage (chips, cracks, or wear). Examine the gas rings on the bolt. These small rings create a seal for the gasses to ensure the system cycles correctly. They should be intact and not worn down. Check the firing pin protrusion. Ensure that it protrudes from the bolt face by the appropriate amount. Look for any cracks or damage to the carrier itself.
Go/No-Go Criteria:
Go: Bolt face is clean, no chips, cracks, or excessive wear. Gas rings are present and appear intact. Firing pin protrudes. The carrier itself shows no obvious defects.
No-Go: Bolt face is damaged. Gas rings are missing or severely worn. The firing pin is damaged or fails to protrude. The carrier shows cracks or excessive wear.
Gas System Check: Powering the Action
This checks the key part of the rifle that cycles the action: the gas system.
Instructions: Inspect the gas block and gas tube visually. Check for alignment. Make sure the gas block isn’t loose or damaged. The gas tube must be properly aligned and free of obstructions. Check that the gas key on the BCG is secure, not loose or wobbly.
Go/No-Go Criteria:
Go: Gas block is secure. The gas tube is properly aligned. No obstructions are visible. The gas key on the BCG is properly aligned and sealed.
No-Go: A loose or damaged gas block. A misaligned, bent, or obstructed gas tube. A gas key that’s loose, bent, or improperly sealed.
Magazine Check: The Source of Ammunition
Magazines are the link between the rifle and the ammunition.
Instructions: Using a known, reliable, and clean magazine, insert it into the magazine well. Manually cycle the action, feeding a round from the magazine into the chamber, and then extract it. Inspect the magazine body for any damage, such as dents or cracks. Check the feed lips for damage.
Go/No-Go Criteria:
Go: The magazine inserts and seats correctly. The rifle feeds and extracts rounds from the magazine smoothly and reliably. No damage to the magazine body or feed lips.
No-Go: The magazine fails to seat properly. The rifle jams or fails to feed or extract rounds. Damage to the magazine body or feed lips.
External Component Test: Securing Accessories and Functionality
Instructions: Inspect the physical structure of the AR-15 for any wear, or damage to components. Check for any loose hardware or loose components, specifically with the stock and rails on the handguard. Check that any mounted accessories work correctly.
Go/No-Go Criteria:
Go: Components are properly secured. Accessories are in full working order.
No-Go: Loose or damaged components. Accessories that have ceased to work, or do not properly function.
Ammunition: The Fuel for Performance
The ammunition you choose is crucial for reliability. Using the correct ammunition specification is essential. Using the wrong kind of ammunition can lead to malfunctions, and potential damage to the firearm. Use only high-quality ammunition from reputable manufacturers.
Ensure proper storage of your ammunition, protecting it from extreme temperatures, humidity, and direct sunlight. Test various loads to determine which your AR-15 shoots most accurately and reliably.
Troubleshooting and Solutions: What Happens When It Fails
If your AR-15 fails a Go/No-Go test, don’t panic. The first step is to carefully unload and clear the rifle, double-checking the chamber.
Common issues often stem from a fouled BCG, a dirty or obstructed gas system, or a problematic magazine. Try cleaning and lubricating the BCG, and checking the gas system for carbon buildup or obstructions. Try a known good magazine.
If the problem persists, or if you’re not comfortable disassembling the rifle further, seek the advice of a qualified gunsmith. Do not attempt to repair a problem that you are not comfortable with.
Regular Maintenance and Preventative Measures: Long-Term Dependability
Regular maintenance is the key to long-term reliability. Clean and lubricate your AR-15 after each shooting session. Disassemble the BCG and clean the bolt, firing pin, and carrier. Inspect the gas rings, replace them as needed.
Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for cleaning and lubrication. Use quality gun lubricants and avoid over-lubrication, which can attract dirt and debris. Inspect your AR-15 frequently for any signs of wear and tear, or abnormal function.
Replace worn parts, such as springs, pins, and extractors. Use high-quality components from reputable manufacturers to increase the reliability of your rifle. Regular inspections and maintenance are the best tools for ensuring your AR-15 will always function as needed.
Conclusion: Reliable Ready
The AR-15 is a potent platform that demands respect. Performing Go/No-Go tests is a critical step in ensuring its reliability. By understanding the platform, conducting these tests, and regularly maintaining your rifle, you can be confident that your AR-15 will perform when you need it most. Remember, responsible gun ownership includes prioritizing the safety and functionality of your firearms. Take the time to get to know your AR-15, perform regular Go/No-Go tests, and always prioritize safety and proper maintenance.
Always remember to seek professional help from a certified gunsmith if you’re uncomfortable with any aspect of the maintenance or repair of your AR-15. This article provides general guidance and is not a substitute for professional instruction.
Now, arm yourself with knowledge, and stay safe.
